1979 Nigerian Constitution
The 1979 constitution was initiated by the then Head of State, General Olusegun Obasanjo, who constituted a forty nine (49) member constitution drafting committee headed by F. R. A. Williams. It was amended by Justice Udo Udoma, and was used as the instrument to usher in the second Republic on October 1st 1979.
The 1979 constitution, however, did not revert to the erstwhile Parliamentary system that was in use prior to the military coups, but adopted a Presidential system of Government. This constitution made the President the Head of state and Head of Government, as well as the Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces.
The constitution provided for the electorates to choose the President, via an election, and also increased membership of the Senate and House of Representatives to ninety five (95) and four hundred and fifty (450) respectively.
Alhaji Shehu Shagari and Alex Ekwueme became the President and Vice President, respectively, of the Federal Republic of Nigeria during the second Republic.
Another military coup in 1983, by General Muhammadu Buhari and Tunde Idiagbon, toppled the democratically elected civilian administration of the second Republic, and once again, ushered in another military dictatorship.
This military dictatorship would last for about sixteen (16) years, till 1999.
In 1985, General Buhari’s regime was toppled by General Ibrahim Babangida, who continued another military dictatorship from 1985 to 1993 until he was compelled to step aside due to violent civil uprising caused by the annulment of the June 12 presidential election in which M. K. O. Abiola was acclaimed to have won.
General Babangida’s exit was succeeded by Chief Ernest Shonekon’s short-lived interim-civilian regime of 1993, but was eventually truncated by General Sanni Abacha’s palace coup, bringing back yet another military dictatorship which lasted till 1998 upon the sudden death of General Sanni Abacha.
Following the death of General Sanni Abacha, his military dictatorship was succeeded by General Abdulsalam Abubakar’s military administration with a promise to return to a civilian administration, which he fulfilled and eventually ushered in the 3rd Republic on the 27th of May 1999. Former military head of state, General Obasanjo and Alhaji Atiku Abubakar became the President and Vice President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria, in the third (3rd) Republic, via a democratic election.